Microplastics

Microplastics, imperceptible threat

Microplastics are plastics whose size ranges from 3 to 5 nanometers. To keep in mind, 1 nanometer is one millionth of a millimeter. These are products of the erosion and degradation of plastic and can end up in the seas and even in the air we breathe. If we breathe it, it will end up in our lungs, and if it ends up in the sea it will most probably end up in a fish that will then be eaten by someone. In addition, some microplastic particles are so small that they can even pass through the pores of our skin.

Microplastics are a global problem that is increasing with the production of plastic.


Proposed solution

After researching, we concluded that the most direct and easiest way to reduce the amount of microplastics is to simply reduce the amount of plastics. Plastics are generated by man, so it falls on our hands to reduce their quantity.

The best way to reduce the amount of plastic is through responsible consumption and avoiding the use of plastic, however this is not always possible, so another option is to recycle. However, this can be a tricky process as people sometimes get confused as to which bin the items they want to throw belong to. This is why we ideated a smart bin, which we integrated with a strong artificial intelligence which was trained to distinguish between different types of waste. Through this, the sensor can predict what type of waste was thrown away.

Also, once the plastics are taken to the recycling center, not all the plastic is recycled. That is why we put those leftover plastics in a in a container, near the recycling plants, with silkworms and zophobas morio. This are worms that can break down polyethylene and polystyrene, which are two of the most widely used plastics in the industry.

It should be clarified that after finishing the project, we found out that it already existed. However, ours is different from the other one in that it only allows one residue at a time while ours allows many. The other smart bin is called bin-e.


Conclusion

We really think that it is necessary to reduce the amount of plastics in the world to make sure that microplastics never become a real problem. The reduction of plastics guarantees our future and will be a great step to continue advancing in the future.

Substance Abuse and Professional Athletes: An Epidemic in Sports

drug abuse in sports

Our culture expects athletes to display mental toughness at all times, and we often view struggles with substance abuse in athletes as antithetical to that expectation. Even though science has made it clear that addiction is a chronic disease of the brain, many people still believe it is a symptom of personal failure or lack of character — especially in the sports world. Elite athletes competing at international and national levels are subject to standardized anti-doping guidelines under the auspices of WADA and related national organizations. WADA is the international independent agency that publishes the World Anti-Doping Code, which is the document harmonizing anti-doping policies in all sports and all countries.61 The Code was first adopted in 2003 and became effective in 2004. Drug abuse in the athlete population may involve doping in an effort to gain a competitive advantage.

  • The University of Pittsburgh is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for Physicians and Physician Assistants.
  • With hundreds of drugs appearing on the “prohibited list” of WADA, it becomes a daunting task to collect the biological specimens from athletes and analyze them for PEDs.
  • A positive test result would consist of too dramatic a change from the established individual baseline.
  • But fame, promiscuity, fiscal irresponsibility and a three-year prison term culminated in multiple drug addictions.

Side effects of substances used by athletes

Despite the advances made in modern science, the desire to win remains a powerful motivator for athletes, driven by financial incentives such as prizes and lucrative sponsorship deals or societal pressures such as national expectations for gold medal victories. This perpetuates a constant demand for performance-enhancing drugs that can enhance athletic performance, such as an anabolic steroid. The purchase, sale, and nonmedical consumption of all the aforementioned drugs are illegal, and these psychotropic drugs can be obtained only on the black market. Alcohol, for instance, can be legally purchased throughout much of the world, despite its high potential for abuse.

Module 6: Approaches to Addressing Substance Use Disorder with Patients Identified by the PDMP

drug abuse in sports

He battled marijuana addiction as well as addictions to crack cocaine, alcohol and ecstasy his first three seasons and was released by the Philadelphia Eagles in 1990. After multiple stints at rehab facilities, Carter got his life and career back on track. However, some athletes conquered their addictions and went on to have successful careers or lead prosperous lives.

Athletes Suffering in Silence

drug abuse in sports

Proper treatment is the only way to divert an athlete from a path of addiction that will ruin their career and their life. Athletes at all levels and of all ages are susceptible to injury, and the treatment method for those injuries can sharply increase the potential for addiction to prescription painkillers. Opioid drugs like OxyContin® and Vicodin® are powerful medications prescribed to treat moderate to severe pain, such as the kind experienced after a sports injury or surgery to repair said injury. Individuals who abuse anabolic steroids at some point during their life are more likely to turn to other drugs. One study looked at individuals admitted to an inpatient treatment facility for opioid addictions.

Thus, athletes who may be at-risk for developing a substance abuse problem may often find it relatively easy to be in social settings where alcohol and drugs are readily available. To date, the literature is filled with a limited number of high-quality systematic reviews in the field of addiction related to athletes and these studies mainly examine a small number of studies [14,15,26,27,29]. There appears a need for more rigorous high-quality studies looking at direct head-to-head comparisons between athletes and non-athletes in the field of addiction with an emphasis on treatments. In the current cutthroat era of sports, where the second winner is viewed as the first loser, the spirit of “fighting well” is lost completely.

Modafinil was added to the list of prohibited substances on 3 August 2004, ten days before the start of the 2004 Summer Olympics. The father of anabolic steroids in the United States was John Ziegler (1917–1983), a physician for the U.S. weightlifting team drug abuse in sports in the mid-20th century. In 1954, on his tour to Vienna with his team for the world championship, Ziegler learned from his Russian colleague that the Soviet weightlifting team’s success was due to their use of testosterone as a performance-enhancing drug.

drug abuse in sports

drug abuse in sports

Drug use has claimed the lives of numerous prominent professional athletes. Former NFL quarterback Jim McMahon said he received hundreds of injections and pills from team medical professionals, including Percocet, Toradol and https://ecosoberhouse.com/ amphetamines, per The Washington Post. Derek Boogaard, an ice hockey player who died of an accidental overdose of oxycodone and alcohol, received more than 100 prescriptions for pills during his final three years of life.

Cycling has improved since 2004, while doping has decreased by almost 50% in the last decade.

  • Other drugs that are frequently abused include cannabis (marijuana, hashish, etc., from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa), PCP, and such hallucinogens, or psychedelics, as LSD and mescaline.
  • Johnson had won the 100m in a world record of 9.79 seconds but was stripped of his gold medal, external after the positive test and sent home in disgrace.
  • Even the cannabinoids can be justified in those dealing with terminal, painful conditions.
  • Finally, recent developments in international collaboration between governments and the sporting community are covered, and continued efforts to harmonize standards in anti-doping policies and practices are advocated.

With his knowledge and expertise, he provides personalized training, nutrition, and recovery guidance to help clients reach their fitness goals. Ultimately, 11 studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this systematic review4,7,11,17,20,23,25-29 (Figure 1). Given the expected low quality of evidence, no meta-analysis was planned or performed. Basic demographic data are represented descriptively, and individual study results are described qualitatively and with descriptive statistics where appropriate. Means are presented ± SD for normally distributed data, and medians presented with interquartile range for nonnormally distributed data. By the 2000s, he became addicted to alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, Tadalafil and anti-anxiety medications.

  • Fans idolize them, young athletes want to be them and corporate sponsors want to work with them.
  • Twelve-step programs are likely the mode of alcohol and drug abuse intervention most familiar to the general public.
  • You can’t force someone into rehab, but you can take these steps to help a person realize they need rehab.
  • Drug use has claimed the lives of numerous prominent professional athletes.
  • In many cases, this involves withdrawal management with the use of medication-assisted treatment.
  • In addition, it is not practically possible to collect samples from all the athletes participating in sport events across the world.

Substance Use and Addiction in Athletes: The Case for Neuromodulation and Beyond

Preparing an Adjusted Trial Balance: A Guide

adjusted trial balance example

Both US-based companies and those headquartered in other countries produce the same primary financial statements—Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Cash Flows. Concepts Statements give the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) a guide to creating accounting principles and consider the limitations of financial statement reporting. Financial statements drawn on the basis of this version of trial balance generally comply with major accounting frameworks, like GAAP and IFRS. Closing entries are completed after the adjusted trial balance is completed. We’ll explain more about what an adjusted trial balance is, and what the difference is between a trial balance and an adjusted trial balance.

Remember that the balance sheet represents the accounting equation, where assets equal liabilities plus stockholders’ equity. An adjusted trial balance is a listing of all company accounts that will appear on the financial statements after year-end adjusting journal entries have been made. The adjusted trial balance is what you get when you take all of the adjusting entries from the previous step and apply them to the unadjusted trial balance. It should look exactly like your unadjusted trial balance, save for any deferrals, accruals, missing transactions or tax adjustments you made.

Step 1: Run an unadjusted trial balance

After incorporating the $900 credit adjustment, the balance will now be $600 (debit). Utilities Expense and Utilities Payable did not have any balance in the unadjusted trial balance. After posting the above entries, they will now appear in the adjusted trial balance. In these columns we record all asset, liability, and equity accounts.

AccountingTools

According to the rules of double-entry accounting, a company’s total debit balance must equal its total credit balance. Both the unadjusted trial balance and the adjusted trial balance play an important role in ensuring that all of your accounts are in balance and financial statements will reflect the most accurate totals. The above trial balance vertical analysis of income statement is a current summary of all of your general ledger accounts before any adjusting entries are made. When you prepare a balance sheet, you must first have the most updated retained earnings balance. To get that balance, you take the beginning retained earnings balance + net income – dividends.

As you have learned, the adjusted trial balance is an important step in the accounting process. But outside of the accounting department, why is the adjusted trial balance important to the rest of the organization? An employee or customer may not immediately see the impact of the adjusted trial balance on his or her involvement with the company. An adjusted trial balance is prepared using the same format as that of an unadjusted trial balance. If the sum of the debit entries in a trial balance (in this case, $36,660) doesn’t equal the sum of the credits (also $36,660), that means there’s been an error in either the recording of the journal entries.

The statement of retained earnings is prepared second to determine the ending retained earnings balance for the period. The statement of retained earnings is prepared before the balance sheet because the ending retained earnings amount is a required element of the balance sheet. The following is the Statement of Retained Earnings for Printing Plus. Each month, you prepare a trial balance showing your company’s position. After preparing your trial balance this month, you discover that it does not balance. Once you have a completed, adjusted trial balance in front of you, creating the three major financial statements—the balance sheet, the cash flow statement and the income statement—is fairly straightforward.

OpenStax

Before posting any closing entries, you want to make sure that your trial balance reflects the most accurate information possible. The balance of Accounts Receivable is increased to $3,700, i.e. $3,400 unadjusted balance plus $300 adjustment. Service Revenue will now be $9,850 from the unadjusted balance of $9,550. What do you do if you have tried both methods and neither has worked?

  1. The accounts of a Balance Sheet using IFRS might appear as shown here.
  2. My Accounting Course  is a world-class educational resource developed by experts to simplify accounting, finance, & investment analysis topics, so students and professionals can learn and propel their careers.
  3. Applying all of these adjusting entries turns your unadjusted trial balance into an adjusted trial balance.
  4. An adjusted trial balance is created after all adjusting entries have been posted into the appropriate general ledger account.
  5. After a company posts its day-to-day journal entries, it can begin transferring that information to the trial balance columns of the 10-column worksheet.

It is mostly helpful in situations where financial statements are manually prepared. If the organization is using some kind of accounting software, the bookkeeper or accountant just needs to pass the journal entries (including adjusting entries). The software automatically adjusts and updates the relevant ledger accounts and generates financial statements for the use of various stakeholders.

Overview: What is an adjusted trial balance in accounting?

Once all ledger accounts and their balances are recorded, the debit and credit columns on the adjusted trial balance are totaled to see if the figures in each column match. For example, inventory debit or credit Interest Receivable is an adjusted account that has a final balance of $140 on the debit side. This balance is transferred to the Interest Receivable account in the debit column on the adjusted trial balance. Accumulated Depreciation–Equipment ($75), Salaries Payable ($1,500), Unearned Revenue ($3,400), Service Revenue ($10,100), and Interest Revenue ($140) all have credit final balances in their T-accounts.

Once you’ve double checked that you’ve recorded your debit and credit entries transactions properly and confirmed the account totals are correct, it’s time to make adjusting entries. This means that for this accounting period, there was a total inflow (debit) of $11,670 into the cash account. Pepper’s Inc. totalled up all of the debits and credits from their general ledger account involving cash, and they added up to a $11,670 debit. An unadjusted trial balance is what you get when you calculate account balances for each individual account in your books over a particular period of time. An adjusted trial balance is prepared after adjusting entries are made and posted to the ledger.

adjusted trial balance example

The accounting equation is balanced, as shown on the balance sheet, because total assets equal $29,965 as do the total liabilities and stockholders’ equity. To exemplify the procedure of preparing an adjusted trial balance, we shall take an unadjusted trial balance and convert the same into an adjusted trial balance by incorporating some adjusting entries into it. To simplify the procedure, we shall use the second method in our example. At this point you might be wondering what the big deal is with trial balances. Did we really go through all that trouble just to make sure that all of the debits and credits in your books balance? Just like in an unadjusted trial balance, the total debits and credits in an adjusted trial balance must equal.

adjusted trial balance example

As with the unadjusted trial balance, transferring information from T-accounts to the adjusted trial balance requires consideration of the final balance in each account. If the final balance in the ledger account (T-account) is a debit balance, you will record the total in the left column of the trial balance. If the final balance in the ledger account (T-account) is a credit balance, you will record the total in the right column. Adjusted trial balance is not a part of financial statements; rather, it is a statement or source document for internal use.

The preparation of the statement of cash flows, however, requires a lot of additional information. An adjusted trial balance is a listing of the ending balances in all accounts after adjusting entries have been prepared. The statement of retained earnings always leads with beginning retained earnings. Beginning retained earnings carry over from the previous period’s ending retained earnings balance. Since this is the first month of business for Printing Plus, there is no beginning retained earnings balance. Notice the net income of $4,665 from the income statement is carried over to the statement of retained earnings.

Once all accounts have balances in the adjusted trial balance columns, add the debits and credits to make sure they are equal. If you check the adjusted trial balance for Printing Plus, you will see the same equal balance is present. Once all of the adjusting entries have been posted to the general ledger, we are ready to start working on preparing the adjusted trial balance. Preparing an adjusted trial balance is the sixth step in the accounting cycle.

The salon had previously used cash basis accounting to prepare its financial records but now considers switching to an accrual basis method. You have been tasked with determining if this transition is appropriate. Applying all of these adjusting entries turns your unadjusted trial balance into an adjusted trial balance. While you can create an adjusting trial balance manually, or by using spreadsheet software, it’s far easier to do so when using accounting software. Here are some of The Ascent’s top picks for creating an adjusted trial balance.

Возврат средств за покупки в Google Play Cправка Google Play

возврат платежа

По большей части, продавец обычно не знает, что процесс возврата идет полным ходом. Чтобы возвратный платеж был успешным, вы должны иметь возможность нарушить договор между вами и компанией. Также стоит отметить, что существуют временные рамки по вопросам споров о возвратных платежах, даже в дни COVID. Обычно у вас будет около 120 дней после того, как комиссия за транзакцию оставит ваш счет (счет держателя карты). Если вы отправляете запрос на возврат платежа, а продавец не согласен с ним или считает, что здесь имеет место дружеское мошенничество, он может оспорить возвратный платеж.

Составляем письмо о возврате денег на расчетный счет

Возможно, был сбой в системе и деньги не были отправлены. Сотрудник банка подскажет, были ли списания и изменился ли баланс карты. Также нельзя исключать вероятность того, что был неверно указан номер карты получателя. Хранить письмо о возврате денег на расчетный счет необходимо возврат платежа 5 лет, как и любую деловую переписку. Письмо о возврате денег отправляют контрагенту, когда они уже списаны со счета и перечислены компании-получателю. Деньги, полученные ошибочно, организация обязана вернуть, поскольку тут имеет место неосновательное обогащение (ст. 1102 ГК РФ).

Не получается возвращать средства

Правила возврата зависят от того, что именно вы купили. Чтобы получить дополнительную информацию, выберите подходящую ссылку.

Назначение платежа «возврат ошибочно перечисленных денежных средств»

Мы стремимся предоставлять легко читаемые обзоры, которые помогут вам выбрать, какая платформа электронной коммерции вам подходит. Мы поддерживаем партнерские отношения и с некоторыми из рассмотренных продуктов, что означает, что мы получаем процент от продажи, https://maxipartners.com/articles/luchshie-seti-reklamy-v-2021-godu/ если вы переходите с нашего сайта (бесплатно для наших читателей). Не стесняйтесь подписываться на нас Twitter, комментарий, вопрос, свяжитесь с нами по [электронная почта защищена] и наслаждаться. При этом мне нужно работать с безопасным планом проверки.

Определение номера карты Apple Pay на Apple Watch

Последствия для недовольства покупателя совершенно неизбежны со стороны продавца. В частности, если клиент рассматривает возвратный платеж как окончательное решение. Как правило, вы можете вернуть товар, оплаченный с использованием Apple Pay, предоставив продавцу чек.

  • Бывает, что организация должна вернуть денежные средства, переведенные контрагенту.
  • Есть так много обращений транзакций, растущих ежедневно.
  • Чтобы получить дополнительную информацию, выберите подходящую ссылку.
  • Эти сценарии могут включать в себя «дружеское мошенничество» – ситуации, когда клиент отменяет транзакцию с помощью процесса возврата платежа, даже если он фактически получил то, за что заплатил.
  • Клиенту нужен продукт, который соответствует описанию.
  • По платежному поручению № 345 от «10» июля 2020 года по договору подряда № 234 от «28» июня 2020 года.
  • Не стесняйтесь подписываться на нас Twitter, комментарий, вопрос, свяжитесь с нами по [электронная почта защищена] и наслаждаться.
  • Если подарок был приобретен у третьего лица, порядок возврата средств уточняйте у продавца.
  • Банк получателя зачисляет средства на счета своих клиентов, только после проведения проверки реквизитов и, главное, при условии их совпадения.

Налогоплательщики, превысившие этот порог (Английский), получат уведомление от IRS и возврат обычным чеком. Octobank предложил решение, которое позволило Buchet принимать международные платежи с карт Visa и Mastercard. Это помогло компании устранить ограничения для клиентов, живущих за границей, и упростить процесс оплаты. Кроме того, Octobank обеспечил быструю интеграцию с системой Buchet, стабильную обработку платежей и конкурентоспособные тарифы. Принимая решение о покупке, пользователи часто обращают внимание на правила возврата товаров и возмещения средств.

возврат платежа

  • Возврат платежа по кредитной карте может быть особенно полезным, поскольку существуют дополнительные правила для защиты выписки по кредитной карте.
  • Имейте в виду, покупатель всегда действует из-за разочарования и разочарования.
  • Это возможно, если задолженность превышает три года, если она возникла из-за предыдущих собственников жилья, из-за некорректных начислений или если потребитель признан банкротом.
  • Korzinka Go — сервис доставки продуктов из сети магазинов Korzinka.
  • Если возврат выполнен, то сумма платежа будет зачислена на счет, с которого вы совершили покупку.

При открытии претензии мы рассмотрим дело и вынесем решение. Чтобы запросить возмещение за совершенный платеж, вам необходимо связаться с продавцом. Деньги с баланса обеспечения возвратов переводятся на ваш расчётный счёт, только если вы расторгнете договор с ЮKassa. Возвращаемые средства не могут превысить максимальную сумму заказа.

Возврат средств за покупки в Google Play

Многим из нас приходилось сталкиваться с ситуацией, когда после неудачной покупки (объективно или только по мнению клиента) вы хотите вернуть свои деньги. Как правило, любой покупатель заинтересован в том, чтобы вернуть деньги быстро, легко, без лишних переговоров, в полном объеме и при этом выйти из сделки с ощущением справедливости. Чтобы вернуть деньги клиенту на банковскую карту за товар или услугу, вам достаточно сделать один клик в личном кабинете Fondy. Просим вернуть денежные средства в течение 7 (семи) календарных дней согласно п. На Ваш расчетный счет были излишне перечислены денежные средства в размере (сорока пяти тысяч) руб. По платежному поручению № 345 от «10» июля 2020 года по договору подряда № 234 от «28» июня 2020 года.

возврат платежа

Шаг 1. Укажите программу, для которой должны применяться правила возврата

В странах и регионах, где применяется закон о защите прав потребителей, пользователи сохраняют свои права в соответствии с его положениями. В Австралии и Новой Зеландии потребители сохраняют свои права в соответствии с применимыми законами и правилами о защите прав потребителей. Если клиент организации утверждает, что возврат не был выполнен, то ему нужно обратиться в свой банк для составления претензионного заявления. Данный порядок регламентирован правилами платёжных систем. Если вы сделали частичный возврат, и он пока не пришёл покупателю — дождитесь обновления его статуса.

Как зарегистрировать PayPal без паспорта

как зарегистрироваться в paypal если нет 18

В Соединенных Штатах Америки PayPal лицензирован в качестве финансовой организации занимающейся денежными переводами. Вход в личный кабинет Пайпал из разных регионов и стран ведет к блокировке пользователя. Сотрудники компании проверяют местонахождение пользователя по ip-адресу. О подозрительной активности индикатор горизонтальных объемов для mt4 скачать сначала предупредят по почте и попросят предоставить документы.

как зарегистрироваться в paypal если нет 18

Как открыть счет и привязать карту к PayPal в Украине?

Но и на этот момент часто закрываются глаза, если регистрация ПайПал счета используется только для личных платежей через Интернет. PayPal – одна из самых распространённых и популярных в мире платёжных систем. Её функционал и повсеместная распространённость позволяют ей стать стандартным и классическим методом оплаты в сделках, обеспечивающим гарант безопасности и продавцу, и покупателю. Регистрация является достаточно простой, единственным её минусом остаётся необходимость привязки паспорта, банковской карты других личных данных.

Сразу же вас попросят придумать два секретных вопроса, ответ на которые надо будет ввести, если когда-нибудь вы забудете пароль. Номер кредитной карты – введите номер указанный на титульной стороне вашей платежной карты. Хорошо, но а как они могут проверить реальность введенных данных ?

Как зарегистрироваться в Paypal в России

Такой вариант кошелька Пайпал, больше подходит для предпринимателей и организаций, которые планируют осуществлять торговые операции с помощью интернет. Электронный кошелёк Paypal этого типа, является более защищённым, но для совершения обычных покупок в интернет, достаточно базовой версии аккаунта Пайпал. Если выбрать «Личный счёт», то такой вариант Пайпал, позволит оплачивать покупки и заказывать услуги через Интернет.

как зарегистрироваться в paypal если нет 18

Для этого во вкладке «Список задач» следует выбрать «Подтвердить адрес электронной почты». Для начала следует выяснить, как происходит получение платежа. Чтобы деньги поступили на счет Пай Пал, кто-то должен их вам отправить со своего аккаунта. При этом PayPal посылает получателю уведомление на этот e-mail, в котором говорится о том, что поступил hycm платеж. Пользователи, которые уже зарегистрированы в платежной системе, могут просто перейти в свою учетную запись и убедиться в том, что деньги пришли. Для этого с главной страницы своего аккаунта на сайте paypal.com переходят в раздел «Счет».

Регистрация PayPal аккаунта без паспорта — правда или вымысел?

На сегодня система работает в 203 странах мира с 26 валютами. Посмотреть весь список можно на официальном сайте и в выпадающим меню регистрации увидеть свою страну. Официально работает в Беларуси с июня 2014 года, в России — с 2005. Если мы нажмем на кнопку в правом верхнем углу, то мы перейдем на страницу, где нужно будет сначала выбрать, какой тип счета хотим открыть. Система PayPal надежно защищает личные данные пользователя.

Одновременно с условиями и правилами, сервис PayPal предлагает заполнить пароль, чтобы не ввозить его при каждом входе в систему с конкретного компьютера. Включить функцию можно в любое время в настройках личного кабинета. Страна местонахождения устанавливается один раз, изменить государство в дальнейшем не получится. При выборе страны необходимо указывать ту, паспорт которой пользователь сможет предъявить при идентификации. Регистрация в Пейпал требует правильно указывать личные данные, так как они сверяются Ммвб срочный рынок с документами идентифицирующими личность клиента. Далее вниманию читателя будет представлена инструкция по созданию профиля в сервисе.

  1. В противном случае, если Вы создаете его для других целей, то можете заполнить ее другими данными, главное, чтобы они соответствовали формату.
  2. Регистрация в Пейпал требует правильно указывать личные данные, так как они сверяются с документами идентифицирующими личность клиента.
  3. Всем телефонным номерам автоматически присваивается русский код +7 (или 8).
  4. В дальнейшем эта сумма будет возвращена либо на карту, либо на текущий счет системы.
  5. Сервис предлагает открыть два вида кошельков — один для частного лица, а другой для организаций и юридических лиц.
  6. Проверить правильную верификацию e-mail можно в меню «Настройки», закладка «Уведомления».

Эти данные вводятся в PayPal зарегистрированным пользователем. Прежде чем производить процедуру верификации, рекомендуется позвонить на горячую линию банка, и поинтересоваться о возможности проведения электронных платежей. Если получено положительное заключение, то можно смело приступать к подтверждению карты. Когда карта, которую требуется подтвердить, будет выбрана необходимо нажать кнопку «Подтвердить». В открывшемся окне необходимо следовать инструкциям и подсказкам на экране для благополучного завершения данной операции. Чтобы завершить процесс верификации, потребуется на сайте Пайпал ввести четырёхзначных код операции, который был присвоен во время перевода денежных средств.

Здесь оставляют адрес своей электронной почты и задают пароль для входа в личный кабинет. Зарегистрироваться в PayPal может практически каждый пользователь Интернета в любой точке земного шара. Рекомендуется записать в текстовом файле пароль к аккаунту в PayPal, который должен включать 8 символов.

Регистрация с мобильного устройства

Их штаб-квартира находится в Нью-Йорке, но они делают доставку карт на дом по всему миру. Здесь в меню «Способы оплаты» кликают по номеру привязанной карты. Чтобы не пополнять виртуальный счет, к PayPal можно привязать банковскую карточку родителей. Логин и пароль от аккаунта можно передать несовершеннолетнему. Кошелек не будет иметь ограничений и подойдет для покупок в интернет-магазинах.

Неожиданностью может стать моментальное опустошение счета карты при зарубежных покупках. Контролируйте стоимость товаров до совершения оплаты или не держите на привязанной карточке много денег. Для регистрации нужно перейти на официальный сайт Киви и заполнить все данные. При заказе карта отправляется по почте, а ее номер становится доступен в личном кабинете.

А если аккаунта еще нет, тогда его нужно создать на тот электронный ящик, по адресу которого пришло сообщение о финансовой операции. Первое, что понадобиться для регистрации под видом американца – это банковская карта США. Из России можно обратиться в платежную систему Payoneer.

Electronic Pollution in Argentina

Electronic contamination is a serious problem nowadays which affects a lot of countries and the people within them. It generates diseases, that can be mortal, and it also harms the environment. We investigated the impact that this problem generates in Argentina and we found that it is the third country in South America, followed by Mexico and Brazil, that generates the most electronic waste with around 300 thousand tons generated per year in a total of 41.8 million tons worldwide. The materials that compose the batteries for these electronics that are discarded turn toxic once they reach their estimated life. We took into account that the majority of people are used to throwing those products once they turn obsolete or break when the best solution for that kind of situation would be to recycle or reuse them in a way. Given that half of these products are thrown into open-air garbage dumps it is inevitable to think that they are going to contaminate. For this reason, we decided to confront this problematic, first by analyzing which are the components that turn toxic and then looking for possible solutions that would help us battle this problematic.

Problematic

When we began investigating the environmental impact that electronic products have over the environment we realized that this was a serious matter. E-waste posses components such as lead, mercury, cadmium, selenium, arsenic, and lithium among others. These six components are inoffensive during the life period of the devices, due to them being contained by plaques, circuits, connectors or cables but once they are discarded in landfills they react with water and organic matter, liberating toxics to the ground and to the sewers. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, these wastes are dangerous to the environment and the health of people.

The main problem that Argentina has is the quantity of waste in general that is produced in a year and how that contaminates. This waste is not separated nor treated and the fact that they are exposed to the sun, because of being in open-air garbage dumps, and other toxics makes them react with one another resulting in even more contamination.

  • Cadmium: affects mainly kidneys and bones
  • Mercury damages the central nervous system
  • Hexavalent chromium: carcinogenic (tumors).
  • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) releases highly toxic dioxins and furans.
  • Nickel in its oxidized, sulfated or soluble form causes cancer and Respiratory problems
  • Zinc also affects health.
  • Lithium can cause respiratory failure

Objective

The main objective that we are looking for is to mitigate the damage that we are dealing with our ecosystem. By starting with the municipality, recycling or trying to reuse waste before discarding it. Beyond that, we are looking for ways in which we can make people aware of the damage that these wastes are causing to the environment and that we have to act as fast as we can or else this will turn out to be a irredeemable damage.

EcoHorno

Process

Major supermarkets of the are will be utilized as collection points, where people are going to leave their broken electronic devices or home appliances. They cannot surpass the 2 meters of width or length. Garbage trucks specialized in transporting these kinds of devices, are going to collect once a week the waste left at the collection points. The trucks will take the discarded devices to the factory where the EcoHorno is located.

The truck will deposit the electronic devices and home appliances in a conveyer belt. The magnet placed parallel to the conveyor belt attracts the objects with metal, separating metals from plastics. Components are separated from both metal and plastic objects, removing everything that is toxic or becomes toxic with heat. The metals and plastics are separated according to their classification. They merge separately according to their classification. For the different temperatures in which the components melt:

Copper: 1,050 ° C
Aluminum: 650 ° C
Iron: 1,535 ° C
Silver: 960 ° C
Gold: 1,062 ° C
Bronze: 920 ° C
Nickel: 1,455 ° C
Platinum: 1,770 ° C
Lead: 340 ° C

The metal and liquid plastic, the pig iron, come out from under the furnace and goes to the trucks with the thermal insulators. This takes away the problem of removing the ones inside the oven. Then those trucks are sent to factories that use those metals and/or plastics. The furnace would be used a whole day only for metals, after its last use that day it is cleaned for the next day to use it for plastics. The air purifier is connected directly at the tip of the oven to the floor, where the appliance is going to be, and from the appliance, it goes to the plastic container, which after a little rest is taken out by a ventilation.

Disponibility

The furnace measures 6 meters high and 4 meters in diameter and is made of refractory bricks covered by a steel layer Its production capacity is 1000 tons per day. It has a hot air inlet on the sides of the oven towards the oven that reaches a temperature of 2000 ° C. The temperature is adjustable.

Conveyer belt.
10 meters long and 1 meter wide
Kind: modular
Material: Iron
Width: 160 mm

 

 

Industrial Air Purifier
Brand: TROTEC
Model: TAC 1500 S
Length: 61cm
Width: 36cm
Height: 40cm

 

 

 

Industrial magnet
Brand: DIMET
Model: IMG10
1 meter long A
40 cm wide B and
65 cm high C
Weight 1300kg
Weight supported 30 tons

Other Solutions

Other solutions that we found to combat electronic contamination are the following:

Biodegradable batteries: they invented single-use biodegradable batteries based on paper and other organic materials such as beeswax, cellulose and organic redox species such as quinones.

Reuse and revaluation: E-Trash, A group of students, professors and alumni of the University of La Plata carry out a project that consists of gathering electronic devices and trying to repair them, helping not only the environment but also helping disadvantaged institutions of the area giving them those electronic devices that are already in conditions to use. Those that there is no way to repair them and that they are reused are sent to a company with environmental certification for their final and safe disposal, thus avoiding their final stage in burns and garbage dumps. This type of projects is Circular Economy, where things that were broken or malfunctioning are reused.

Green points: In the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, the number of existing green points was tripled and mobile green points were implemented. What is a green point? They are places where people take Waste Electrical and Electronic Devices to be recycled and properly managed the dangerous components they contain.

Also, a big step forward would be to implement new laws so that each state residence has a safe and well-maintained recycling area. Sweden follows this law and nowadays has managed to recycle 99% of its waste making it one of the greenest countries next to Norway.

 

Contaminación Electrónica en Argentina

La contaminación electrónica es un problema que hoy en día afecta a muchos países y sus habitantes. Generando enfermedades, que en casos pueden ser letales, e hiriendo al medio ambiente. Investigamos sobre el impacto que esta problemática genera en Argentina y encontramos que es el tercer país de Sudamérica que más genera residuos electrónicos con 300 mil toneladas por año de un total de 41.8 millones de toneladas en total de todo el mundo, seguido por México y Brasil.  Los materiales que componen la batería de estos que electrodomésticos y productos electrónicos que son desechados se vuelven tóxicos una vez que alcanzan su fin de vida útil. Tomamos en cuenta que la mayoría de las personas suelen arrojar estos productos una vez que se vuelven obsoletos o se rompen cuando estos aparatos pueden ser reutilizados o reciclados. Dado a que la mitad estos productos son arrojados a basurales a cielo abierto es inevitable pensar que estos van a contaminar. Por esta razón decidimos hacerle frente a esta problemática, primero analizando cuales son aquellos componentes que se vuelven tóxicos y luego buscando distintas posibles soluciones que nos ayuden a combatir esta problemática.

PROBLEMÁTICA

Cuando investigamos sobre el impacto ambiental que tienen los productos electrónicos sobre el medio ambiente nos dimos cuenta de la gravedad del asunto. Encontramos que los materiales que componen la batería de estos tipos de productos se vuelven tóxicos una vez que alcanzan su fin de vida útil. Cuando estos aparatos comienzan a funcionar mal solemos desechar y comprar uno nuevo. Cuando estos productos se vuelven residuos empiezan a contaminar. Los residuos electrónicos poseen componentes como plomo, mercurio, cadmio, selenio, arsénico y litio entre otros. Durante su vida útil, estos 6 componentes son inofensivos, ya que están contenidos en placas, circuitos, conectores o cables, pero al ser desechados en basurales, reaccionan con el agua y la materia orgánica, liberando tóxicos al suelo y a las fuentes de aguas subterráneas. Debido a su carácter no biodegradable, estos desechos atentan contra el medio ambiente y la salud de los seres vivos.

El principal problema que Argentina tiene es la cantidad de basura en general que se produce en un año y como está contamina. Se produce 14 millones de toneladas de basura anuales y la mitad es por basurales a cielo abierto. Esta basura no es separada ni tratada y el hecho de que esté a cielo abierto solo ayuda a que se promueva la contaminación electrónica, exponiendo a los electrodomésticos al sol y otros tóxicos que se encuentran en el basural resultando en que estos reaccionen y contaminen aún más.

  • El cadmio: afecta principalmente riñones y huesos
  • El mercurio daños el sistema nervioso central
  • Cromo hexavalente: carcinogénicos (tumores).
  • El policloruro de vinilo (PVC) la liberación de dioxinas y furanos altamente tóxicos.
  • El níquel en su forma oxidada, sulfatada o soluble, provoca cáncer y problemas
  • respiratorios
  • El Zinc también afecta la salud.
  • El Litio puede ocasionar fallas respiratorias

OBJETIVO:

El principal objetivo que buscamos es mitigar el daño que estamos generando en nuestro ecosistema, empezando por nuestro municipio, reciclando estos residuos e intentar reutilizarlos antes que desecharlos. Además, buscamos formas de concientizar a la gente de la peligrosidad que tiene para el medioambiente los residuos electrónicos que nosotros generamos año a año y que hay que actuar rápidamente porque este daño va a terminar siendo irremediable.

Proceso

Los supermercados importantes de la zona van a ser utilizados como puntos de recolección, donde las personas dejan sus dispositivos electrónicos y electrodomésticos. Estos aparatos deberán medir menos de 2m de largo y alto. Camiones de basura (especializados en transporte de aparatos de este tipo) recogerán una vez por semana estos residuos en dichos puntos. Los camiones llevarán los dispositivos desechados a la fábrica donde está el EcoHorno.

El camión deposita los aparatos electrónicos en la cinta transportadora. El imán colocado de forma paralela a la cinta atrae a los objetos con metal, separando metales de plásticos. Se separan los componentes tanto de los objetos de metal como los de plástico, sacando todo lo que sea tóxico o se vuelva tóxico con calor. Se separan los metales y plásticos según su clasificación. Se funden por separado siguiendo su clasificación. Por las distintas temperaturas en las que los componentes se funden:

Cobre: 1,050°C

Aluminio: 650°C

Hierro: 1,535°C

Plata: 960°C

Oro: 1,062°C

Bronce: 920°C

Níquel: 1,455°C

Platino: 1,770°C

Plomo: 340°C

El metal y plástico líquido, el arrabio, salen por debajo del horno y va a los camiones con los aislantes térmicos. Esto nos saca el problema de sacar los que está dentro del horno. Después esos camiones se mandan a fábricas que utilizan esos metales y/o plásticos. El horno se usaría un día entero solo para metales, después de su último uso ese día se limpia para al otro día usarlo para plásticos.

El purificador de aire está conectado directamente en la punta del horno hasta el suelo, donde va a estar el aparato, y del aparato pasa al contenedor de plástico, que luego de un poco de reposo se largara al exterior por una ventilación.

Disponibilidad

El Horno mide 6 metros de alto y 4 metros de diámetro y está hecho de ladrillos refractarios cubiertos por una capa de acero. Su capacidad de producción es de 1000 toneladas diarias. Tiene una entrada de aire caliente a los costados del horno hacia el horno que llega a una temperatura de 2000°C. La temperatura es ajustable.

Cinta de transporte

10 metros de largo y 1 metro de ancho

Tipo: Modular

Material: Hierro

Anchura: 160 mm

 

Purificador de Aire Industrial

Marca TROTEC

Modelo: TAC 1500 S

Longitud: 61cm

Ancho: 36cm

Altura: 40cm

 

Imán industrial

Marca DIMET

Modelo IMG10

1 metro de largo A

40 cm de ancho B y

65 cm de alto C

Peso: 1300kg

Peso soportado 30 toneladas

Otras Soluciones:

Otras soluciones que encontramos para combatir la contaminación electrónica son las siguientes:

Baterías biodegradables: inventaron baterías biodegradables de un solo uso a base de papel y otros materiales orgánicos como cera de abeja, celulosa y especies redox orgánicas como las quinonas.

Reutilización y revalorización: E-Basura, Un grupo de estudiantes, profesores y exalumnos de la Universidad de La Plata llevan a cabo un proyecto que consiste en juntar aparatos electrónicos e intentar de repararlos ayudando no sólo al medioambiente, sino que también ayudan a instituciones carenciadas de la zona regalándoles esos aparatos electrónicos que ya están en condiciones para usar. Los que no haya manera de repararlos y que se reutilicen es enviado a una empresa con certificación ambiental para su disposición final y segura, evitando así su estadio final en quemas y basurales. Este tipo de proyectos son de Economía Circular, donde se reutilizan cosas que se rompieron o funcionan mal arreglándolas.

Puntos verdes: En la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires se triplicaron la cantidad de puntos verdes existentes y se implementaron los puntos verdes móviles. ¿Qué es un punto verde? Son lugares donde la gente lleva Residuos de Aparatos Electrónicos y Eléctricos para que se reciclen y se gestionen adecuadamente los componentes peligrosos que contienen.

También, un gran paso hacia delante seria implementar nuevas leyes para que cada residencia estatal tenga una zona de reciclaje segura y cuidada. Suecia sigue esta ley y hoy en día a logrado reciclar el 99% de su basura convirtiéndolo en uno de los países más ecológicos junto a Noruega.

Plastic trash

Plastic pollution, millions of tons of plastic are disposed per year. This affects the marine fauna mainly because most of the plastics are thrown into our oceans where there is a huge percentage of life. We are killing hundreds of animals when we dispose of plastics improperly. In addition, plastics take hundreds of years to degrade or thousands of years depending on the plastic, so when one of us throws a plastic this will stay there for a long time. Not only aquatic animals are being affected due to plastics, we also because plastic are poisons, we are poisoning ourselves. The recycling of plastic is not the solution for this dangerous waste, we must eliminate it, but since this will be much longer and more complicated,we have to start with something and the first step will be the recycling of these.

The problem is the lack of education since they are children,this mean since they start to become aware and realize things. Where is that? in kindergarden. There are missing campaigns so that these children are recorded in the head what we are doing when we do not recycle, the animals that we are killing and everything that happens with those wastes. If it is possible for them to become aware since they were little they transmitted them to their parents and then to their children. Their children are going to transmit to their children and so on, nobody said that the problem of recycling will be solved from one day to the next but these children will be our future, and what better than that future is one in which recycling is performed?

Our proposal of solution is to go and give a class in kinder gardens with games and songs to make them understand what is happening and how they can help. Also our prototype is going to be left in the kinder garden for them to use and throw away their plastic and thus feel that they are recycling and helping. We also get drums and we will give these to decorate and take them to their homes to use them as dasbins and the idea is that these children transmit them to their parents and their friends and start recycling from young.

The prototype consists in a trash can made with plastic bottles and that can only be discarded from plastics and then recycled or reused, but will definitely not be released into the oceans and, therefore, the percentage of animals that will be reduced will be reduced. They die every day because of these plastics that are considered a dangerous waste. In addition, the bottle caps will also be reused to make the caps of the remedies, for example.

Our prototype will have a long-term effect because the problem of waste pollution can not be solved overnight, but if we all help our future generations, they will live in a country where everything is recycled and plastics are no longer there. In the oceans there will be less and less garbage, the marine fauna will be less affected by what we do but for this to happen we have to use our prototype to separate the plastics and the colored buckets to separate the other waste and when want to give a bag say NO and so make an impact.

 

 

 

Residuos plásticos.

Contaminación del plástico, millones de toneladas de plástico  se desechan por año. Esto afecta la fauna marina principalmente porque la mayoría de los plásticos son tirados a nuestros océanos donde hay un enorme porcentaje de vida. Estamos matando a cientos de animales cuando desechamos plásticos de manera indebida. Además los plásticos tardan cientos de años en degradarse o miles de años dependiendo el plástico, así que cuando alguno de nosotros tira un plástico este va a quedar ahí por un largo tiempo. No solo los animales acuáticos están siendo afectados debido a los plásticos, nosotros también porque el plástico envenena, nos estamos envenenando a nosotros mismos. El reciclaje del plástico no es la solución para este residuo peligroso, hay que eliminarlo, pero ya que esto va a ser mucho más largo y más complicado, por algo hay que arrancar y los primeros paso van a ser el reciclaje de estos.

El problema es la falta de educación desde que son niños, es decir desde arrancan a tomar conciencia y darse cuenta de las cosas ¿donde es eso? en el jardín de infantes. Faltan campañas para que a estos nenes se les grabe en la cabeza lo que estamos haciendo cuando no reciclamos, a los animalitos que estamos matando y todo lo que pasa con esos desechos. Si se logra que estos tomen conciencia desde chiquitos ellos se los transmitieron a sus padres y luego a sus hijos. Sus hijos van a transmitírselos a sus hijos y a sí sucesivamente, nadie dijo que el problema del reciclaje va a solucionarse de un día para el otro pero estos nenes van a ser nuestro futuro, y ¿qué mejor que ese futuro sea uno en el que reciclaje se lleva a cabo?.

Nuestra propuesta de solución es ir a dar una clase en jardín mediante juegos y canciones hacerles entender lo que esta pasando y como pueden ayudar. Ademas nuestro prototipo se lo vamos a dejar en el jardín para que lo usen y tiren sus plásticos  y así sientan que están reciclando y ayudan. Ademas conseguimos bidones y le vamos a dar estos para que decoren y se los lleven a sus casas para que los usen como tachos y la idea es que estos nenes se los trasmitan a sus padres y a sus amiguitos y arranquen a reciclar desde chiquitos.

El prototipo consiste en un tacho de basura echo por botellas de plásticos y que en el solo puedan ser desechados plásticos y que luego esos serán reciclados o reutilizados pero definitivamente no serán tirados a los océanos y así se reducirá el porcentaje de animales que se mueren día a día por estos plásticos que son considerados como un desecho peligroso. Ademas las tapitas de las botellas también serán reutilizadas para hacer las tapas de los remedios por ejemplo.

Nuestro prototipo hará efecto a largo plazo porque el problema de la contaminación de residuos no puede ser solucionado de un día para otro pero si todos ayudamos nuestras futuras generaciones vivirán en un país donde todo este reciclado y los plásticos no estén mas. En los océanos habrá cada vez menos y menos basura, la fauna marina se vera menos afectada por lo que hacemos nosotros pero para que esto pase tenemos que usar nuestro prototipo para separar los plásticos y los tachos de colores para separar los otros residuos y cuando te quieran dar una bolsa decir que NO y así hacer un impacto.

 

EcoRío de La Plata

Environmental problematic: River Plate contamination.

The River Plate, located in south-west South America, originates from the junction between The Paraná and the Uruguay rivers. It flows between Argentina and Uruguay and into the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the most important rivers in America. It was born pure and clean but now it is used as a trash can. It was formed 2,4 million years ago. The River Plate, in its whole extension, suffers from contamination from the most varied origins, which affects the 15 million people living at its coasts. The river, that in previous centuries contained clear water, is now a deposit of residual water from the industrial and agricultural areas. The causes of its contamination originate at the urban and industrial effluents, which do not receive adequate treatment, in this case, they are the Medrano and Luján Reconquista creeks, and the Riachuelo. There, you can see disturbances in the natural environment, caused by population growth, an increase in urbanization and of agricultural, ranching and industrial activities. This is reflected in the decrease of water quality, the habitats disturbance and the decrease of biodiversity, in the basin as well as in the coast.

Industrial Effluents Treating Plant

PREVIOUS STEPS
  • Step 1: Get authorization to check if factories and industries have a non-treated water disposal which falls into the streams that flow into the River Plate.
  • Step 2: After verifying whether industries have water disposals that fall into the streams that flow into the River Plate, a law is established which compels factories and industries to install this industrial purification treatment. If the law is not complied, fines will have to be paid, or industries might even be closed down.  
    1. Step 3: Installation of the treatment in each of the contaminating industries.

      Purification Plant

      1   Pre-Treatment:  The polluted water flows through metallic nets that retain the solid elements, which are recolected and are then carried to waste treatment plants, the water continues through the process.

      • Decanting basin: The liquids go to decanting basins, where solid elements are isolated and decant due to gravity, although the process is accelerated by using aluminium sulfate.
      • Purification: Then, the liquid goes to water purifiers, according to which chemical the each factory wants to eliminate. The purifiers reduce their parts per million (ppm), as they can not eliminate the chemical completely. 
      • River Plate: Finally, the polluting liquids turn into natural water and are thrown back into the River Plate.
  • Objectives

    Reducing the amount of solid and chemical waste present in the River Plate. If possible, eliminating them completely, at long term. Moreover, there is another very important objective, which is making factories and industries to do something and putting this project into practice, as it would be impossible to accomplish it without them.

    The main pollution sources are:

    •      Ammonium, nitrite, other metals.
    •      Sewage.

    They come from:

    •      Alcoholic drinks’ factories (3%)
    •      Pharmaceutical, chemical, and petrochemical industries (30%)
    •      Desechos cloacales y otras industrias (67%)

    Contaminating affluents:

    •      Riachuelo, Arroyo Sarandí, Santo Domingo, Jimenez, Conchitas, Baldovinos, Pereyra.